Symfony - Día 19: Internacionalización y Localización

La Internacionalización es un proceso a través del cual se diseñan productos de software para que puedan adaptarse a diferentes idiomas y regiones sin necesidad de cambios de ingeniería ni cambios en el código.

La Localización es el proceso de adaptación de software para una región o idioma mediante la incorporación de componentes específicos de localización y traducción de textos.

Usuario

La Cultura del Usuario

// in an action
$this->getUser()->setCulture('fr_BE');
echo $this->getUser()->getCulture();

La Preferencia de Cultura

# apps/frontend/config/settings.yml
all:
  .settings:
    default_culture: it_IT

// in an action
$languages = $request->getLanguages();

// in an action
$language = $request->getPreferredCulture(array('en', 'fr'));

La Cultura en la URL

# apps/frontend/config/routing.yml
affiliate:
  class: sfDoctrineRouteCollection
  options:
    model:          JobeetAffiliate
    actions:        [new, create]
    object_actions: { wait: get }
    prefix_path:    /:sf_culture/affiliate
 
category:
  url:     /:sf_culture/category/:slug.:sf_format
  class:   sfDoctrineRoute
  param:   { module: category, action: show, sf_format: html }
  options: { model: JobeetCategory, type: object }
  requirements:
    sf_format: (?:html|atom)
 
job_search:
  url:   /:sf_culture/search
  param: { module: job, action: search }
 
job:
  class: sfDoctrineRouteCollection
  options:
    model:          JobeetJob
    column:         token
    object_actions: { publish: put, extend: put }
    prefix_path:    /:sf_culture/job
  requirements:
    token: \w+
 
job_show_user:
  url:     /:sf_culture/job/:company_slug/:location_slug/:id/:position_slug
  class:   sfDoctrineRoute
  options:
    model: JobeetJob
    type: object
    method_for_query: retrieveActiveJob
  param:   { module: job, action: show }
  requirements:
    id:        \d+
    sf_method: get

// apps/frontend/lib/myUser.class.php
public function isFirstRequest($boolean = null)
{
  if (is_null($boolean))
  {
    return $this->getAttribute('first_request', true);
  }
 
  $this->setAttribute('first_request', $boolean);
}

# apps/frontend/config/routing.yml
localized_homepage:
  url:   /:sf_culture/
  param: { module: job, action: index }
  requirements:
    sf_culture: (?:fr|en)

// apps/frontend/modules/job/actions/actions.class.php
public function executeIndex(sfWebRequest $request)
{
  if (!$request->getParameter('sf_culture'))
  {
    if ($this->getUser()->isFirstRequest())
    {
      $culture = $request->getPreferredCulture(array('en', 'fr'));
      $this->getUser()->setCulture($culture);
      $this->getUser()->isFirstRequest(false);
    }
    else
    {
      $culture = $this->getUser()->getCulture();
    }
 
    $this->redirect('localized_homepage');
  }
 
  $this->categories = Doctrine_Core::getTable('JobeetCategory')->getWithJobs();
}

requirements:
  sf_culture: (?:fr|en)

Probando la Cultura

$ php symfony test:functional frontend

// test/functional/frontend/jobActionsTest.php
$browser->setHttpHeader('ACCEPT_LANGUAGE', 'fr_FR,fr,en;q=0.7');
$browser->
  info('6 - User culture')->
 
  restart()->
 
  info('  6.1 - For the first request, symfony guesses the best culture')->
  get('/')->
  with('response')->isRedirected()->
  followRedirect()->
  with('user')->isCulture('fr')->
 
  info('  6.2 - Available cultures are en and fr')->
  get('/it/')->
  with('response')->isStatusCode(404)
;
 
$browser->setHttpHeader('ACCEPT_LANGUAGE', 'en,fr;q=0.7');
$browser->
  info('  6.3 - The culture guessing is only for the first request')->
 
  get('/')->
  with('response')->isRedirected()->
  followRedirect()->
  with('user')->isCulture('fr')
;

Cambiando de idioma

$ php symfony plugin:install sfFormExtraPlugin

    $  svn co http://svn.symfony-project.org/plugins/sfFormExtraPlugin/branches/1.3/ plugins/sfFormExtraPlugin

// config/ProjectConfiguration.class.php
public function setup()
{
  $this->enablePlugins(array(
    'sfDoctrinePlugin', 
    'sfDoctrineGuardPlugin',
    'sfFormExtraPlugin'
  ));
}

// apps/frontend/templates/layout.php
<div id="footer">
  <div class="content">
    <!-- footer content -->
 
    <?php $form = new sfFormLanguage(
      $sf_user,
      array('languages' => array('en', 'fr'))
      )
    ?>
    <form action="<?php echo url_for('change_language') ?>">
      <?php echo $form ?><input type="submit" value="ok" />
    </form>
  </div>
</div>

// apps/frontend/templates/layout.php
<div id="footer">
  <div class="content">
    <!-- footer content -->
 
    <?php include_component('language', 'language') ?>
  </div>
</div>

$ php symfony generate:module frontend language

// apps/frontend/modules/language/actions/components.class.php
class languageComponents extends sfComponents
{
  public function executeLanguage(sfWebRequest $request)
  {
    $this->form = new sfFormLanguage(
      $this->getUser(),
      array('languages' => array('en', 'fr'))
    );
  }
}

// apps/frontend/modules/language/templates/_language.php
<form action="<?php echo url_for('change_language') ?>">
  <?php echo $form ?><input type="submit" value="ok" />
</form>

# apps/frontend/config/routing.yml
change_language:
  url:   /change_language
  param: { module: language, action: changeLanguage }

// apps/frontend/modules/language/actions/actions.class.php
class languageActions extends sfActions
{
  public function executeChangeLanguage(sfWebRequest $request)
  {
    $form = new sfFormLanguage(
      $this->getUser(),
      array('languages' => array('en', 'fr'))
    );
 
    $form->process($request);
 
    return $this->redirect('localized_homepage');
  }
}

Internacionalización

Idiomas, Caracteres, y Codificación

# apps/frontend/config/settings.yml
all:
  .settings:
    charset: utf-8

# apps/frontend/config/settings.yml
all:
  .settings:
    i18n: true

Plantillas

# apps/frontend/config/settings.yml
all:
  .settings:
    standard_helpers: [Partial, Cache, I18N]

// apps/frontend/templates/layout.php
<div id="footer">
  <div class="content">
    <span class="symfony">
      <img src="/legacy/images/jobeet-mini.png" />
      powered by <a href="/">
      <img src="/legacy/images/symfony.gif" alt="symfony framework" /></a>
    </span>
    <ul>
      <li>
        <a href=""><?php echo __('About Jobeet') ?></a>
      </li>
      <li class="feed">
        <?php echo link_to(__('Full feed'), 'job', array('sf_format' => 'atom')) ?>
      </li>
      <li>
        <a href=""><?php echo __('Jobeet API') ?></a>
      </li>
      <li class="last">
        <?php echo link_to(__('Become an affiliate'), 'affiliate_new') ?>
      </li>
    </ul>
    <?php include_component('language', 'language') ?>
  </div>
</div>

i18n:extract

$ php symfony i18n:extract frontend fr --auto-save

<!-- apps/frontend/i18n/fr/messages.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE xliff PUBLIC "-//XLIFF//DTD XLIFF//EN"
  "http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/xliff/documents/xliff.dtd">
<xliff version="1.0">
  <file source-language="EN" target-language="fr" datatype="plaintext"
      original="messages" date="2008-12-14T12:11:22Z"
      product-name="messages">
    <header/>
    <body>
      <trans-unit id="1">
        <source>About Jobeet</source>
        <target/>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit id="2">
        <source>Feed</source>
        <target/>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit id="3">
        <source>Jobeet API</source>
        <target/>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit id="4">
        <source>Become an affiliate</source>
        <target/>
      </trans-unit>
    </body>
  </file>
</xliff>

<!-- apps/frontend/i18n/fr/messages.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE xliff PUBLIC "-//XLIFF//DTD XLIFF//EN"
  "http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/xliff/documents/xliff.dtd">
<xliff version="1.0">
  <file source-language="EN" target-language="fr" datatype="plaintext"
      original="messages" date="2008-12-14T12:11:22Z"
      product-name="messages">
    <header/>
    <body>
      <trans-unit id="1">
        <source>About Jobeet</source>
        <target>A propos de Jobeet</target>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit id="2">
        <source>Feed</source>
        <target>Fil RSS</target>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit id="3">
        <source>Jobeet API</source>
        <target>API Jobeet</target>
      </trans-unit>
      <trans-unit id="4">
        <source>Become an affiliate</source>
        <target>Devenir un affilié</target>
      </trans-unit>
    </body>
  </file>
</xliff>

Traducciones con Argumentos

<!-- apps/frontend/modules/job/templates/indexSuccess.php -->
<div class="more_jobs">
  and <?php echo link_to($count, 'category', $category) ?> more...
</div>

<!-- apps/frontend/modules/job/templates/indexSuccess.php -->
<div class="more_jobs">
  <?php echo __('and %count% more...', array('%count%' => link_to($count, 'category', $category))) ?>
</div>

$ php symfony i18n:extract frontend fr --auto-save

<trans-unit id="6">
  <source>and %count% more...</source>
  <target>et %count% autres...</target>
</trans-unit>

<!-- apps/frontend/modules/category/templates/showSuccess.php -->
<strong><?php echo count($pager) ?></strong> jobs in this category

<?php echo format_number_choice(
    '[0]No job in this category|[1]One job in this category|(1,+Inf]%count% jobs in this category',
    array('%count%' => '<strong>'.count($pager).'</strong>'),
    count($pager)
  )
?>

• La cadena a utilizar en función del número
• Un array de variables a reemplazar
• El número a usar que determina qué texto usar

• Cada posibilidad está separado por un carácter barra vertical (|)
• Cada cadena se compone de un rango seguida de la traducción

• [1,2]: Acepta valores entre 1 y 2, inclusive
• (1,2): Acepta valores entre 1 y 2, con exclusión de 1 y 2
• {1,2,3,4}: Sólo los valores definidos en el juego son aceptadas
• [-Inf,0): Acepta los valores mayores o iguales a menos infinito y estrictamente inferior a 0
• {n: n % 10 > 1 && n % 10 < 5}: Coincide con los números 2, 3, 4, 22, 23, 24

<trans-unit id="7">
  <source>[0]No job in this category|[1]One job in this category|(1,+Inf]%count% jobs in this category</source>
  <target>[0]Aucune annonce dans cette catégorie|[1]Une annonce dans cette catégorie|(1,+Inf]%count% annonces dans cette catégorie</target>
</trans-unit>

Formularios

Objetos Doctrine

# config/doctrine/schema.yml
JobeetCategory:
  actAs:
    Timestampable: ~
    I18n:
      fields: [name]
      actAs:
        Sluggable: { fields: [name], uniqueBy: [lang, name] }
  columns:
    name: { type: string(255), notnull: true }

# data/fixtures/categories.yml
JobeetCategory:
  design:
    Translation:
      en:
        name: Design
      fr:
        name: design
  programming:
    Translation:
      en:
        name: Programming
      fr:
        name: Programmation
  manager:
    Translation:
      en:
        name: Manager
      fr:
        name: Manager
  administrator:
    Translation:
      en:
        name: Administrator
      fr:
        name: Administrateur

// lib/model/doctrine/JobeetCategoryTable.cass.php
public function findOneBySlug($slug)
{
  $q = $this->createQuery('a')
    ->leftJoin('a.Translation t')
    ->andWhere('t.lang = ?', 'en')
    ->andWhere('t.slug = ?', $slug);
  return $q->fetchOne();
}

$ php symfony doctrine:build --all --and-load --no-confirmation
$ php symfony cc

$category = new JobeetCategory();
$category->setName('foo'); // sets the name for the current culture
$category->getName(); // gets the name for the current culture
 
$this->getUser()->setCulture('fr'); // from your actions class
 
$category->setName('foo'); // sets the name for French
echo $category->getName(); // gets the name for French

$categories = Doctrine_Query::create()
  ->from('JobeetCategory c')
  ->leftJoin('c.Translation t WITH t.lang = ?', $culture)
  ->execute();

LEFT JOIN c.Translation t ON c.id = t.id AND t.lang = ?

// lib/model/doctrine/JobeetCategoryTable.class.php
public function doSelectForSlug($parameters)
{
  return $this->findOneBySlugAndCulture($parameters['slug'], $parameters['sf_culture']);
}
 
public function findOneBySlugAndCulture($slug, $culture = 'en')
{
  $q = $this->createQuery('a')
    ->leftJoin('a.Translation t')
    ->andWhere('t.lang = ?', $culture)
    ->andWhere('t.slug = ?', $slug);
  return $q->fetchOne();
}
 
public function findOneBySlug($slug)
{
  return $this->findOneBySlugAndCulture($slug, 'en');
}

# apps/frontend/config/routing.yml
category:
  url:     /:sf_culture/category/:slug.:sf_format
  class:   sfDoctrineRoute
  param:   { module: category, action: show, sf_format: html }
  options: { model: JobeetCategory, type: object, method: doSelectForSlug }
  requirements:
    sf_format: (?:html|atom)

$ php symfony doctrine:data-load

/frontend_dev.php/fr/category/programmation
/frontend_dev.php/en/category/programming

Admin Generador

// lib/form/JobeetCategoryForm.class.php
class JobeetCategoryForm extends BaseJobeetCategoryForm
{
  public function configure()
  {
    unset(
      $this['jobeet_affiliates_list'],
      $this['created_at'], $this['updated_at']
    );
 
    $this->embedI18n(array('en', 'fr'));
    $this->widgetSchema->setLabel('en', 'English');
    $this->widgetSchema->setLabel('fr', 'French');
  }
}

<?php echo __('About Jobeet', array(), 'jobeet') ?>

Tests

public function getMostRecentProgrammingJob()
{
  $q = Doctrine_Query::create()
    ->select('j.*')
    ->from('JobeetJob j')
    ->leftJoin('j.JobeetCategory c')
    ->leftJoin('c.Translation t')
    ->where('t.slug = ?', 'programming');
 
  $q = Doctrine_Core::getTable('JobeetJob')->addActiveJobsQuery($q);
 
  return $q->fetchOne();
}

$ php symfony doctrine:build --all --and-load --env=test

$ php symfony test:all

Localización

Plantillas

Formularios

• sfWidgetFormI18nDate
• sfWidgetFormI18nDateTime
• sfWidgetFormI18nTime
• sfWidgetFormI18nChoiceCountry
• sfWidgetFormI18nChoiceCurrency
• sfWidgetFormI18nChoiceLanguage
• sfWidgetFormI18nChoiceTimezone
• sfValidatorI18nChoiceCountry
• sfValidatorI18nChoiceLanguage
• sfValidatorI18nChoiceTimezone